REFRACTIVE VISION DISORDERS 
Myopia (nearsightedness or shortsightedness)
An abnormal condition of the eye in which only objects close to the eye produce distinct
images because parallel rays of light are brought to a focus before they reach the retina.
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
An abnormal condition of the eye in which only distant objects produce images slightly
more distinct then near ones because parallel rays of light reach the retina before they
are focused.
Astigmatism
The structural defect of an eye or of a lens that makes objects look indistinct or gives
imperfect images. With perfect focus, all the rays of light entering through the cornea,
converge at one point on the retina; with astigmatism they do not. Astigmatism is
frequently combined with other vision problems such as myopia and hyperopia.
Presbyopia
A condition of the eye cornea occurring in middle and old age, in which only distant objects may be seen distinctly. When the lens of the eye becomes less elastic and loses some of its ability to focus on objects close to the eyes
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